Estrutura fundiária e relações sociais de produção no estado do Pará: uma abordagem centrada na análise comparativa para o período de 1970 a 2010

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to determine the main changes in land ownership resulting from land occupation process and analyze the social relations of production in the last thirty years in the state of Pará. From a methodological point of view, methods were used comparative analysis for the period 1970-2010, in which the degrees of land factor concentration were investigated and also calculated the rural-urban migration rate of the populations of North and Pará in the last forty years. The data were obtained from the official statistics of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the records of Rural Property conducted by the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA). The results revealed a strongly concentrating structure of land ownership, both in the North as in the state of Pará, which, perhaps, be explained as one of the push factors of the rural population to the cities and land conflicts in the region. And, as the results of live migration, there was significant inflow of migrants in the North and in the State of Pará over the analysis period, with low reduction in the decades of ninety fundamentally from the year 2000. In the social relations of production, it was observed that the owners are - at least - keeping your space with a reduction only exploited in seasonal crop activity, according to Census 2006. In addition, all other economic activities analyzed - such as livestock and permanent crop - between 1980 and 2006 have expanded. The tenants and partners significantly increased their participation both in terms of number of establishments as occupied areas, developing, especially the permanent and temporary crops, especially tenants in temporary farming activity, which in the last census in 2006 had a variation above 1.400%, compared to 1995.